Lesson 2: Misinformation Basics — Common Tricks & Red Flags

(Paste into Lesson Content)

Learning goals

By the end of this lesson, you can:

• Recognize common misinformation tricks
• Spot red flags in text, images, and videos
• Respond safely (don’t amplify false content)

1. A) Common misinformation tricks (easy to miss)

1) Out-of-context content

A real photo/video used with a false caption (“This happened today!” when it was years ago).

2) Edited or cropped images

Cropping hides important information (signs, uniforms, locations).

3) Fake authority

“Doctors say…” “Experts confirm…” but no real names or sources.

4) False urgency

“Share quickly before it’s deleted!”

5) One shocking example used as proof

A single case presented as “this is everyone’s experience.”

6) Scapegoating

Blaming a whole group (tribe, gender, religion, migrants) for one problem.

1. B) Red flags checklist (watch for these)

• Extreme language: “everyone,” “always,” “never”
• No date/location, no primary source
• Screenshot of text with no link
• Emotional manipulation (fear, anger)
• Claims that discourage verification: “don’t trust the media”

1. C) How to respond without spreading misinformation

When you see misinformation, choose one:

1. Don’t share it (best option)
2. Ask questions (“Where did this happen?” “What’s the source?”)
3. Share corrected info without reposting the false image
4. Report harmful content if needed

✅ Rule: Correcting with evidence is better than arguing with insults.

Activity (15 minutes)

Write 3 red flags you’ve personally seen online and explain why they are risky.